Оптимальное проектирование насоса с ветряным двигателем для откачки воды с использованием генетического алгоритма Текст научной статьи по специальности «Энергетика и рациональное природопользование»

Аннотация научной статьи по энергетике и рациональному природопользованию, автор научной работы — Семасу Г.К., Гуиди Т.К., Дангбеджи С., Деган Ж., Виану А.

Статья рассматривает вопросы проектирования насоса с ветряным двигателем, соединенного с резервуаром для хранения воды. В процессе проектирования используются такие целевые функции как вероятность потери мощности, принцип надежности, экономические издержки жизненного цикла и уровень выбросов CO 2 различных компонентов системы. Представленная модель оптимизирует конструкцию насоса с ветряным двигателем с технической, экономической и экологической точки зрения, бесперебойно обеспечивая при этом потребности потребителя. Используются следующие переменные: количество ветровых турбин (N W), тип ветра (T W), число резервуаров (N tank), тип резервуара (T tank), тип мачты (T tower) и суммарная высота напора (T head) т.е. тип колодца. Исследование проводится на примере анализа работы насоса с ветряным двигателем, предназначенного для обеспечения питьевой водой сельской общины Семе-Кпожи, Бенин (6°22'N, 2°37'E, 7м).

Похожие темы научных работ по энергетике и рациональному природопользованию , автор научной работы — Семасу Г.К., Гуиди Т.К., Дангбеджи С., Деган Ж., Виану А.

Optimal design of a wind system for water pumping. Using a genetic algorithm

This article presents the design of a wind pumping system coupled to a reservoir of water storage. This work has been done with the HOGA program (Hybrid Optimization by Genetic Algorithms). Different objective functions used in the design process are the loss of power probability (LPSP), concept for the reliability, the life cycle cost (LCC) for the economic evaluation and CO 2 emissions of life cycle on the production of the various system components. With the presented model, the optimization of the design of wind pumping system can be realized technically, economically and environmentally, while ensuring the needs of the consumer without interruption. Design variables used are the wind turbines number (N W), the type of wind (T W), the tank number (N tank), the type of tank (T tank), type mast (T tower) and total head (T head), that is to say the type of well. A case study is conducted to analyse one wind turbine pumping projet, which is designed to supply drinking water in a rural community located at Sèmè-Kpodji, Benin (6°22’N, 2°37’E, 7m).

Текст научной работы на тему «Оптимальное проектирование насоса с ветряным двигателем для откачки воды с использованием генетического алгоритма»

Optimal design of a wind system for water pumping. Using a genetic algorithm

Ph. D. G. C. SEMASSOU1, Ph. D. C. DANGBEDJI, Ph. D. G. DEGAN2

Ph. D. A. VIANOU3 1seclar2001@yahoo.fr, 2ger_degan@yahoo.fr, 3avianou@yahoo.fr

University of Abomey- Calavi, Benin Ph. D. T. C. GUIDI4 4guidi65@mail.ru University Institute of Technology Lokossa, Benin D. Sc. L. V. GALIMOVA5 5galimova_lv@mail.ru Astrakhan State Technical University, Russia Ph. D. J.-P. NADEAU6 6jean-pierre.nadeau@trefle.u-bordeaux.fr Institut de Mécanique et Engineer, France

This article presents the design of a wind pumping system coupled to a reservoir of water storage. This work has been done with the HOGA program (Hybrid Optimization by Genetic Algorithms). Different objective functions used in the design process are the loss of power probability (LPSP), concept for the reliability, the life cycle cost (LCC) for the economic evaluation and CO2 emissions of life cycle on the production of the various system components. With the presented model, the optimization of the design of wind pumping system can be realized technically, economically and environmentally, while ensuring the needs of the consumer without interruption. Design variables used are the wind turbines number NW the type of wind TW the tank number NKmk, the type of tank Tfank, type mast Ttowr and total head Tkad, that is to say the type of well. A case study is conducted to analyse one wind turbine pumping projet, which is designed to supply drinking water in a rural community located at Seme-Kpodji, Benin (6°22'N, 2°37'E, 7m).

Keywords: wind turbine; optimization; motor-pump model; desirability, objective function, genetic algorithm.

Оптимальное проектирование насоса с ветряным двигателем для откачки воды с использованием генетического алгоритма

Канд. техн. наук Г. К. СЕМАСУ, канд. техн. наук С. ДАНГБЕДЖИ, канд. техн. наук Ж. ДЕГАН, канд. техн. наук А. ВИАНУ, канд. техн. наук Т. К. ГУИДИ, д-р техн. наук Л. В. ГАЛИМОВА, канд. техн. наук Ж.-П. НАДО

Статья рассматривает вопросы проектирования насоса с ветряным двигателем, соединенного с резервуаром для хранения воды. В процессе проектирования используются такие целевые функции как вероятность потери мощности, принцип надежности, экономические издержки жизненного цикла и уровень выбросов С02различных компонентов системы. Представленная модель оптимизирует конструкцию насоса с ветряным двигателем с технической, экономической и экологической точки зрения, бесперебойно обеспечивая при этом потребности потребителя. Используются следующие переменные: количество ветровых турбин тип ветра Тп, число резервуаров Ntank, тип резервуара Т1апк, тип мачты Т1дпег и суммарная высота напора ТНеш1 — т. е. тип колодца. Исследование проводится на примере анализа работы насоса с ветряным двигателем, предназначенного для обеспечения питьевой водой сельской общины Семе-Кпожи, Бенин (6°22'М, 2°37'Е, 7м).

Ключевые слова: ветровая турбина; оптимизация; модель насоса с двигателем; желательность, целевая функция, генетический алгоритм.

Water is a vital element and covers about 70% of the surface of the planet. It is used to supply drinking water for people, livestock, irrigation, etc. The alarming deterioration of the water quality and the growing inequality of water resources coupled with reduced rainfall in many arid countries pose serious problems in terms of health, urban planning, economics, brief

development. Today, many African countries are experiencing a great crisis of drought. Faced with this situation, a question arises: how to power these water populations, whose absence is a factor of the underdevelopment? Groundwaters seem to be the only alternative to this dilemma; but all is not enough to have groundwater; it is indispensable to develop technology for pumping the water extraction. Pumping water

has become in our days a major issue for the improvement of living conditions and socio-economic development of rural communities. Several technologies make it possible today to bring a valid, durable and clean solution. Pumping systems are distinguished according to their energy source: Manual — pedal — powered by animal traction — wind — a diesel generator respectively gasoline — photovoltaics. However, pumping systems for wind, photovoltaics are becoming more attractive and compete from cost perspective and performance with systems using conventional energy sources. Systems powered by renewable energy sources (solar and wind) are particularly useful in remote areas where fuel supply is problematic. Benin has in its southern part some wind corridors that are conducive to the development of wind mills of pumping. In the literature, several studies have been made in the field of water pumping for water supply of the population. Thus, some authors have developed physical models of various components of a hybrid energy system or not and others have developed a methodology for estimating the economic and energy cost over the life cycle of sub-components of these systems [10, 12, 17, 19]. With present design methods, the size of the tank is often coarsely estimated. Thus, in the case of too small a tank, there has been overflow of water. As against, over-sized with a reservoir, may be present in construction costs too high. In this paper the optimization of a Wind system, with water storage tank (see Fig. 1) to supply the electrical

demand for water pumping in a small town located near Cotonou (Benin) is described. The optimization is based on the concepts of minimization of LPSP (the power supply loss probability), the life cycle cost (LCC) for the economic and CO2 emissions. The NSGA-II algorithm, evolutionary genetic type was used in order to determine the set of optimal compromise solutions, which are ranked in descending order according to their desirability. The method used is declined in four steps. Firstly we proceed to the analysis of the water needs of the locality, then draw up models of the various components of the system, then defines the performance criteria and the different rates of satisfaction and finally proceeds to the classification and selection of solutions.

Materials and methods

1. Consumption profile adopted and Wind Data

Water requirements of the selected location are not negligible. The final water uses distribution obtained in this study is the following: faucets (39.20%), toilets (22.2%), showers (19.9%), clothes washers (9.7%) and finally leaks (8.9%) (See Fig. 1a).

Consumption is not constant every day of the year; it fluctuates according to the months of the year, according to the weeks of the month, the days of the week and different times of the day. This variation reflects in the time the rhythm